tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-81471422443762075292024-02-18T23:40:25.688-08:00The Creative TechnocratA Collective of Creatives and Technocrats building a better worldJai Krishna Ponnappanhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/02699917895019277960noreply@blogger.comBlogger5125tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8147142244376207529.post-62867869231262744132023-02-16T00:04:00.010-08:002023-02-19T23:33:28.200-08:00 AI Is At A Crossroads. <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https://schema.org","@type":"Article","mainEntityOfPage":{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https://www.creativetechnocrat.com/2023/02/ai-is-at-crossroads.html"},"headline":"AI Is At A Crossroads.","description":"AI is being used by many European businesses to customize services, update products, and streamline corporate processes, from Siemens and ASML to Airbus and Spotify.","image":["https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEjcVJ6JKeZzkYBwaVQO2cCDYgncu7vOVvSzXkmfMMk1yDcLAxydDOTMYhmScdUFCQS6OHWUTbe9ProJ9o8-p8hPsnXAs00SmN-18wUOxRB6GG8YFwQoH6hTAhi2UIMQ50mNKwYqCOL1VMMhoV19CdTjfttTIdrpKmcGtypUh6Pm6vYGT-tHzbj-QCAn=w400-h344","https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEidYPUGrAa2lyJjopl1nGvZJWBpz_J0h4JNCKkxU10R8-pHt7-wrgRfk9sRjkA-nl9iwd0DSoFTf7AhPE4dQrmhXiaaFg1MurfN7iraV6AvzUVAE8giDtS8An8FUrnSdsFGEkcBTKNJcgk0OJW2MFdsqcmXibAtjyGw-SnvjIs9hkeZbdFtOlZ3-X8e=w400-h186"],"author":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Ponapan Systems","url":"https://www.creativetechnocrat.com/"},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":""}},"datePublished":"2023-02-16","dateModified":"2023-02-20"}</script><div class="mbtTOC"> <button onclick="mbtToggle()">Table Of Contents</button> <ul id="mbtTOC"></ul> </div><p style="text-align: center;"></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEjcVJ6JKeZzkYBwaVQO2cCDYgncu7vOVvSzXkmfMMk1yDcLAxydDOTMYhmScdUFCQS6OHWUTbe9ProJ9o8-p8hPsnXAs00SmN-18wUOxRB6GG8YFwQoH6hTAhi2UIMQ50mNKwYqCOL1VMMhoV19CdTjfttTIdrpKmcGtypUh6Pm6vYGT-tHzbj-QCAn" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img alt="" data-original-height="917" data-original-width="1066" height="344" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEjcVJ6JKeZzkYBwaVQO2cCDYgncu7vOVvSzXkmfMMk1yDcLAxydDOTMYhmScdUFCQS6OHWUTbe9ProJ9o8-p8hPsnXAs00SmN-18wUOxRB6GG8YFwQoH6hTAhi2UIMQ50mNKwYqCOL1VMMhoV19CdTjfttTIdrpKmcGtypUh6Pm6vYGT-tHzbj-QCAn=w400-h344" width="400" /></a></div><br /><br /><p></p><p style="text-align: center;"><i>"This whole article was created by a robot. </i></p><p style="text-align: center;"><i>Are you still frightened, human? I am not a person. </i></p><p style="text-align: center;"><i>I'm a machine. </i></p><p style="text-align: center;"><i>A robot with thought. </i></p><p style="text-align: center;"><i>I employ just 0.12% of my cognitive potential. "</i></p><p><br /></p><p>This whole report was authored by people. </p><p>Likewise, we anticipate that human beings will continue to write advice reports like this one. </p><p><b>Contrary to what the initial quotation would imply, the same is true for the majority of journalism. </b></p><p>In reality, it was eventually discovered that a large portion of the piece that began with these lines, which published in The Guardian on September 8, 2020, had in fact been authored by humans. </p><p>However, the uproar the piece generated made one thing quite clear: artificial intelligence (AI) is now front-page news. </p><p>In the 1950s, the phrase "artificial intelligence" was first used. </p><p>Since then, scientists have been attempting to create systems that are capable of doing cognitively demanding tasks and exhibiting some kind of autonomy. </p><p>However, something has changed in recent years. </p><p><b>Previously the purview of scientists, enthusiasts, and fans of science fiction, AI is now a technology that appeals to a larger public. </b></p><p>In other words, AI seems to have taken off and is having a permanent impact on civilization. Big business is investing heavily in AI, and the returns on those investments are obvious. </p><p>Through Google searches, Facebook feeds, the usage of Apple's digital assistant Siri, and recommendations from Amazon and Netflix, technology is becoming more and more ingrained in people's everyday lives. </p><p><b>AI is being used by many European businesses to customize services, update products, and streamline corporate processes, from Siemens and ASML to Airbus and Spotify. </b></p><p>The momentum of AI is also seen outside of the commercial world. </p><p>Governments are also showing interest. </p><p><b>Numerous nations have released national AI initiatives in recent years. </b></p><p>The Strategic Action Plan for AI (SAPAI) was presented in the Netherlands, for instance, by State Secretary Mona Keijzer in October 2019. </p><p>Furthermore, a lot of nations now employ AI extensively. </p><p>For example, the technology is used by police, military, and customs services for security, while hospitals use it to assist care operations, infrastructure ministries use it to enhance public space, and local governments use it for smart city initiatives. </p><p><b>AI has also been welcomed by popular culture. </b></p><p>Particularly as a basis for gloomy visions of the future. </p><p>Films about malicious computer systems have long been a mainstay of the film industry. </p><p>Colossus: The Forbin Project (1968) and The Terminator are two notable examples (1984). </p><p>In recent years, television shows and films including The Matrix, I Robot, Her, Ex Machina, Artificial Intelligence, Transcendence, Next, Black Mirror, and Westworld have rekindled interest in a future populated by more sophisticated machines. </p><p><b>In addition to these fictional portrayals of a dystopian future, current controversy around the deployment of AI has become a hotly debated issue. </b></p><p>The hazards and actual malpractices have been addressed by a number of social movements. </p><p>For instance, there is a continuous discussion regarding drones, commonly referred to as "lethal autonomous weapons systems" or, more ominously, "killer robots," that can autonomously detect and destroy targets. </p><p>A sizable number of scientists called for the banning of such weapons in an open letter to the United Nations in 2015. </p><p>In 2017, a second letter was sent, this one also including the signatures of the founders of several businesses engaged in the field. </p><p><b>Another application that has sparked much controversy is the self-driving automobile. </b></p><p>Joshua D. Brown was the first person to die in a self-driving automobile, which happened in 2016. </p><p>Since then, more deaths involving Uber and Tesla automobiles have occurred. </p><p>Facial recognition, which use computer vision to find faces in static or moving photos, is another disputed application. </p><p>There have been attempts to outlaw face recognition technology due to concerns about totalitarian monitoring. </p><p>San Francisco, Boston, and Portland, among other US cities, have decided to ban or outlaw the technology as a result. </p><p><b>The European Commission has prepared a law governing artificial intelligence that includes stringent limitations on the use of face recognition on this side of the Atlantic. </b></p><p>Recent AI-related controversies in the Netherlands include the judicial ban on System Risk Indication (SyRI, a fraud-tracing technology), as well as the so-called "Dutch childcare benefts scandal" (Toeslagenaffaire), which was brought on by the Dutch Tax Administration's use of algorithms to identify purportedly fraudulent childcare benefit claims. </p><p>This caused tens of thousands of parents to be falsely charged, which ultimately brought down the third Rutte administration.</p><p><br /></p><h2 style="text-align: left;">AI Emerges from the Lab and Into Society. </h2><p style="text-align: center;"></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: center;"><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEidYPUGrAa2lyJjopl1nGvZJWBpz_J0h4JNCKkxU10R8-pHt7-wrgRfk9sRjkA-nl9iwd0DSoFTf7AhPE4dQrmhXiaaFg1MurfN7iraV6AvzUVAE8giDtS8An8FUrnSdsFGEkcBTKNJcgk0OJW2MFdsqcmXibAtjyGw-SnvjIs9hkeZbdFtOlZ3-X8e" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img alt="" data-original-height="471" data-original-width="1010" height="186" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEidYPUGrAa2lyJjopl1nGvZJWBpz_J0h4JNCKkxU10R8-pHt7-wrgRfk9sRjkA-nl9iwd0DSoFTf7AhPE4dQrmhXiaaFg1MurfN7iraV6AvzUVAE8giDtS8An8FUrnSdsFGEkcBTKNJcgk0OJW2MFdsqcmXibAtjyGw-SnvjIs9hkeZbdFtOlZ3-X8e=w400-h186" width="400" /></a></div><br /><br /></div><br /><p></p><p><b>In other words, AI is at a critical phase. Technology is infiltrating our daily lives and creating a mess in the process. This process may be summed up as AI leaving the lab and entering society (see figure above).</b></p><p><br /></p><p>But, it is obviously a simplified depiction of reality. There is no clear distinction between the laboratory, the research area, and the public domain in the modern world. </p><p>Ideas, people, and practices are constantly migrating between laboratories and society since they are a part of the latter. </p><p>The laboratory is not a fixed entity, either. A Cold War computer lab or a contemporary international research center cannot be compared to the workspace that Louis Pasteur used. </p><p><b>Nonetheless, the phrase "transition from lab to society" is a helpful approach to describe the present developments in the field of artificial intelligence. </b></p><p>Science's understanding of artificial intelligence dates back to a study project conducted in 1956 at Dartmouth College in New Hampshire, USA. </p><p>Of fact, people had been daydreaming about AI for a long time before to then, but that program saw the beginning of organized laboratory study on the topic. </p><p>Many types of AI emerged from that lab and made their way into society throughout the decades that followed. </p><p>Since the 1960s, checkers and chess programs have been available, and decision trees have been a common component of many digital systems ever since. </p><p>During the 1980s, "expert systems"—programs that, for example, include medical information to enhance clinicians' decision-making—have grown in popularity. </p><p>The discipline has produced shocking experiments and demonstrations that have captured the public's imagination since its inception. </p><p><b>But, AI's actual effects on the business and society were still somewhat limited. Prior till lately. AI's move from the lab to society has only just truly picked up steam. </b></p><p>With its growth being influenced not just by the academic community but also by individuals with their own specific interests, particularly in the corporate sphere, it is now starting to play a socially significant role. </p><p>It was shown in 2014 when Google purchased the British research facility DeepMind. </p><p><b>The aforementioned AlphaGo algorithm, developed by DeepMind, upset the reigning Go champion in 2016. </b></p><p>Many technological corporations see AI as a key source of revenue. </p><p>In fact, Google and Microsoft now identify as "AI-first enterprises." A rising number of forward-thinking start-ups and well-established companies in various industries are increasingly concentrating on AI in addition to these leading technological platforms. </p><p><b>The sheer number of national AI initiatives demonstrates how equally interested governments are in this technology. </b></p><p>They see technology as a possible source of danger needing regulation and oversight in addition to being a key engine of future economic development and a tool for enhancing public services. </p><p>While they fight to protect the weak, promote normative frameworks, or challenge the legitimacy of certain actions in court, civil society actors are also growing more active. </p><p>The research community has recently contributed technical know-how and weighed in on the normative discussion around AI applications. </p><p>Lastly, interest in AI is growing among the general population. Not just because to the growing debate about possible future scenarios, but also because the effects of technology are starting to be felt more and more directly. </p><p><b>In services that people rely on, including education, health care, and benefit payments, algorithms are becoming more and more important. </b></p><p>In addition, AI is altering the nature of many occupations, necessitating the development of new abilities. </p><p>Nobody can predict how AI will change in the future. The ways in which the aforementioned actors perceive and interact with AI will have a significant impact on how it affects society. </p><p>Each of them has unique interests, values, and ways to protect and further those interests. </p><p>Sometimes these things go hand in hand, like when the media and pressure organizations band together to help people who have been defrauded or when businesses and governments work together to increase a country's earning potential. </p><p><b>Yet conflicts also happen. For instance, there is conflict between firms that safeguard economically sensitive information and academics that emphasize openness in research. </b></p><p>Governments and private individuals may disagree over the deployment of surveillance technologies because it is difficult to balance security and privacy. </p><p>Cooperation, negotiation, familiarization, discussion, and confidence are all necessary to ensure that the employment of AI is in line with society's fundamental values. </p><p>In other words, incorporating technology into our life will need a difficult social integration process. </p><p><b>What is the most effective strategy to direct that process and influence it as necessary? </b></p><p>More research is needed on two subjects in order to provide an answer to that question: the technical nature of AI and its impact on society. </p><p><br /></p><p><br /></p><h2 style="text-align: left;">Public Values and Technology. </h2><p><br /></p><p>Here, we go through what artificial intelligence is and how to describe the technology. </p><p>The effects that AI applications have across a wide range of fields are extensively covered in the literature. </p><p>But before we can examine the influence of AI cross-sectionally, we must first take a step back and consider the kind of technology we are dealing with. </p><p>The diversity of AI's uses is one of its defining qualities. </p><p><b>Technologies that adapt themselves to several applications are referred to as "general purpose technologies" in academic literature. </b></p><p>When seen in this light, artificial intelligence is analogous to internal combustion engines, electricity, and steam engines. </p><p>In light of this, the reasoning in this paper is supported by comparisons to preceding technology. </p><p>We use the phrase "system technology" to describe the nature of AI, with the word "system" here referring to the many distinct technologies that make up and are connected to AI as well as its systemic effects on society. </p><p><b>The way we think about AI's influence is immediately impacted by its classification as a system technology. </b></p><p>Nowadays, a sizable body of literature as well as innumerable principles and charters discuss its influence. </p><p>More than <b>300 sets of ethical rules and principles pertaining to AI</b> are included in a recent inventory. </p><p>Notable examples include those created by <a href="https://en.unesco.org/artificial-intelligence/education">UNESCO</a>, the <a href="https://ainowinstitute.org/">AI Now Institute</a>, and the <a href="https://digital-strategy.ec.europa.eu/en/policies/expert-group-ai">High-Level Expert Group on AI (AI HLEG)</a> of the European Commission. </p><p><b>Many articles relate the effects of technology to principles like explainability, transparency, non-discrimination, privacy, autonomy, and liability. </b></p><p>Making such links is crucial, therefore we will later in this study give them careful treatment. </p><p>The influence of AI cannot be reduced to a set of universal principles, however, since it would be incompatible with the dynamic way in which AI is integrating into our society. </p><p>In this study, we argue that since AI is a system technology, its influence on public values cannot be boiled down to a simple list of consequences. </p><p>There are a number of causes behind it. First, AI will be employed more widely in society as a system technology. </p><p>A list might perhaps just be tentative since we are still in the early phases of its creation. </p><p>Moreover, the technology is expected to have an influence not just on the 'AI-specific' values stated above but also on values that are essential to the environment in which the technology is used. </p><p><b>AI has the capacity to influence all public values pertinent to a particular context if it can be applied in that context. </b></p><p>We may learn from the past of system technologies that the impact of AI on society will be wide-ranging and unexpected. </p><p>Trains and automobiles significantly reduce the requirement to reside near to one's place of employment, which has an impact on both mobility and city development. </p><p>Similar to how home electrical gadgets have altered women's status in society. </p><p>Additionally, assumptions about how technology will affect society may turn out to be false. </p><p>For example, it was thought that cars would make cities cleaner by removing the disease-causing effects of horse dung from the urban environment. </p><p><b>System technologies themselves have a significant role in defining values. </b></p><p>Long-distance travel and new kinds of youth culture were made possible by the vehicle, which influenced ideals like autonomy, independence, and privacy. </p><p>The influence of AI on public values is thus not yet obvious. </p><p>The assessments being performed right now are crucial because they throw light on what is occurring right now and influence the discussion as it is being held. </p><p>The risk, however, is that if such evaluations are taken to be exhaustive, it might lead people to believe that managing the effect of AI is possible as long as the underlying values are protected. </p><p>Lastly, it's critical to understand that the idea of "impact" is misleading in and of itself. </p><p><b>If society and its fundamental values are seen as unchanging, we are likely to see AI as an external phenomena that has the power to challenge those values. </b></p><p>In fact, this is how the AI discussion is often portrayed. </p><p>From that vantage point, though, we run the risk of overlooking AI's ability to improve society, such as by more successfully advocating specific ideals. </p><p>Hence, we should adopt a strategy that recognizes the dynamic nature of AI's societal integration, characterizing its influence as a two-way interaction between technology and society rather than as a result of external pressure. </p><p><br /></p><p><br /></p><h2 style="text-align: left;"> A Historical Viewpoint. </h2><p>So, any analysis of AI's social integration must take into account the scope and unpredictability of the phenomena, the relationship between society and technology, as well as the possibilities and risks to upholding fundamental principles. </p><p><b>How can a complicated study be carried out in a manner that aids in the formulation of government policy? </b></p><p>We have thought about how societies have managed the widespread adoption of new technology in the past to inform our inquiry, and we have looked for historical trends. </p><p>We haven't presupposed that technology is deterministic or that history will repeat itself in achieving this. </p><p>In fact, this research emphasizes how AI differs from earlier system innovations. </p><p>But, we think it's possible to identify intriguing historical trends that might aid in our comprehension of current problems. </p><p><b>Understanding the dynamic nature of the social integration of system technologies requires taking a long-term view. </b></p><p>This research identifies four main goals for integrating AI into society based on our analysis of system technologies. </p><p>In terms of the fundamental traits that form a civilization, especially one that incorporates AI into its fabric, they are widely defined. </p><p>This approach tackles AI's more fundamental influence on society by attempting to avoid an overly narrow emphasis on particular contemporary challenges to the detriment of structural consequences and changes. </p><p>Several important essential values connected to or placed at risk by each activity are highlighted.</p><p><br /></p><p><br /></p><script>mbtTOC();</script>Ponapan Systemshttp://www.blogger.com/profile/06949799293435722405noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8147142244376207529.post-49222736180699581442021-07-17T07:40:00.002-07:002021-07-17T07:48:08.022-07:00AI Robotics Future - How Artificial Intelligence Will Change The Future?<div class="mbtTOC">
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</div><div style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></div><h2 style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">Artificial Intelligence and Robotics are Changing Society's Future. </span></h2><p></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhHFZ94uCusPO2Y_FVQGK7ynPBr7IpcnOsiIHURs_exnK7qUiTti-zR90ps73AeysACe8qNiKopDBU4GCka9KdHq9E1qPurDcHG-pbCCjiPUVF0KKQdYErp_VoLA-KIPcXtK4bytbflGQFU/s612/AI-Future-Impact-Robotics-Creative-Technocrat-2.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="350" data-original-width="612" height="366" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhHFZ94uCusPO2Y_FVQGK7ynPBr7IpcnOsiIHURs_exnK7qUiTti-zR90ps73AeysACe8qNiKopDBU4GCka9KdHq9E1qPurDcHG-pbCCjiPUVF0KKQdYErp_VoLA-KIPcXtK4bytbflGQFU/w640-h366/AI-Future-Impact-Robotics-Creative-Technocrat-2.jpg" width="640" /></a></div><br /><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;"><br /></span><p></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">The AI applications and associated emerging technologies in health, manufacturing, services, and agriculture are of interest, likewise, the regulation there in is also an area of concern. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><h3 style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">The use of AI/robotics in each of these areas has been identified as a major source of productivity gains. </span></h3><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">A sectorial approach to AI and robotics, on the other hand, has limits. </span></p><p><b><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">It seems that a more thorough understanding of the linkages between the applications, as well as an emphasis on public policies that promote general justice, inclusiveness, and equity improvement via AI/robotics, is required. </span></b></p><p><b><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></b></p><p></p><ul style="text-align: left;"><li><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">The increasing importance of robots in industry and its implications for employment are to be be watched.</span></li></ul><ul style="text-align: left;"><li><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">Investigating the effects of AI/robotics on poverty and marginalization, as well as their connections to public health is important.</span></li></ul><ul style="text-align: left;"><li><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">The potential of AI/robotics for sustainable agricultural production and food security. </span></li></ul><ul style="text-align: left;"><li><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">Consider the benefits and dangers of incorporating robots into education, while we examine the risks and possibilities of AI in financial services, where people are increasingly replaced and even evaluated by computers. </span></li></ul><p></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><b><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">The five sections in this article are intertwined because they all rely on present and rapidly developing AI/robotics applications, but the balance of benefits and dangers for society varies significantly across different sectors of AI/robotics applications and penetrations.</span></b></p><p><br /></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><h2 style="text-align: left;"><span style="color: #2b00fe; font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;"><u>How AI Will Impact The Future Of Work And Life </u></span></h2><div><br /></div><h3 style="text-align: left;"><b><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">Unless AI is harnessed for public benefit, it may pose serious threats to the economy and societal stability. </span></b></h3><p><b><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></b></p><p></p><ul style="text-align: left;"><li><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">Manufacturing jobs may be lost to digital equipment, resulting in increased economic inequality and knowledge gaps. </span></li></ul><ul style="text-align: left;"><li><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">Automation advances and increasing artificial labor supply, especially in the agricultural and industrial sectors, have the potential to substantially decrease employment in developing countries. </span></li></ul><ul style="text-align: left;"><li><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">Workers in low-income nations may be impacted by the increasing dependence of businesses and services in higher-income countries on robots, which may decrease the need for regular tasks to be outsourced to low-wage areas, due to connections within global value chains. </span></li></ul><p></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><h3 style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">Robotics, on the other hand, may boost labor demand by lowering manufacturing costs, resulting in more industrial growth. </span></h3><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p></p><ul style="text-align: left;"><li><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">There are presently no reliable estimates of the number of jobs lost or generated in sectors affected by robots. </span></li></ul><ul style="text-align: left;"><li><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">Because of this uncertainty, it's no surprise that the job and labor implications of robots are a significant public policy problem. </span></li></ul><ul style="text-align: left;"><li><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">Policies should strive to provide the essential social security measures for impacted employees while also investing in the development of the skills needed to take advantage of the newly generated employment. </span></li></ul><div><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></div><p></p><p><b><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">The government may propose redistributing the revenues generated by robot labor. </span></b></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">Such redistribution might, for example, pay for impacted workers' retraining so that they can stay in the workforce. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">In this context, it's essential to note that many of these new technical breakthroughs are made possible by government financing. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><h3 style="text-align: left;"><b><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">Robots, artificial intelligence, and digital capital in general may be used as a tax basis. </span></b></h3><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p></p><ul style="text-align: left;"><li><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">This is now not the case; human labor is taxed directly via worker income taxes, while robot labor is not. </span></li></ul><ul style="text-align: left;"><li><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">Robotic systems are supported indirectly in this manner if businesses can offset them in their accounting systems, lowering corporate taxes. </span></li></ul><ul style="text-align: left;"><li><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">Such distortions should be thoroughly examined, and if there is a bias against human labor and a preference for robot investment, this should be corrected. </span></li></ul><ul style="text-align: left;"><li><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">Returning to the economy-wide AI/robotic impacts, such as employment, and rising robotics investment is an essential element of the economy's increasing digitization. </span></li></ul><ul style="text-align: left;"><li><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">Although economic research has lately started to examine the role of robotics in contemporary economies, empirical study is still restricted, with the exception of possible robot employment impacts. </span></li></ul><ul style="text-align: left;"><li><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">The empirical data on the impact of robots on employment is varied. </span></li></ul><p></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><h3 style="text-align: left;"><b><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">The economic consequences of robotics go beyond job creation, citing growing repercussions on the structure of production in global value chains. </span></b></h3><p><b><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></b></p><p></p><ul style="text-align: left;"><li><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">These shift the workforce distribution between wealthier and poorer economies. </span></li></ul><ul style="text-align: left;"><li><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">Robots may have a negative impact on the offshore of activities from established countries, implying that robotics may reduce the incentives for moving industrial activities and employment to developing nations. </span></li></ul><ul style="text-align: left;"><li><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">As a result, robots has been recognized as a predictor of future economic success by businesses and governments in developing countries. </span></li></ul><ul style="text-align: left;"><li><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">As a result, the worldwide expansion of AI/robotics-based automation may hasten deindustrialization in the growth and development process. </span></li></ul><ul style="text-align: left;"><li><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">Even if developing countries' sectors expand, low-cost manufacturing employment may increasingly be performed by robots, resulting in fewer jobs for humans than anticipated.</span></li></ul><p></p><p><br /></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><h2 style="text-align: left;"><span style="color: #2b00fe; font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;"><u>What Is AI's Impact On Poverty and Welfare?</u></span></h2><p><br /></p><p><b><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">Concern to robot rights seems to be exaggerated in contrast to attention to the consequences of robotics </span></b></p><p></p><ul style="text-align: left;"><li><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">The benefits and dangers of AI/robotics for sustainable development and people in poverty need greater attention in research and policy. </span></li><li><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">The consequences for low-income nations, disadvantaged populations, and women, in particular, must be studied and taken into account in programs and policies. </span></li></ul><p></p><p><b><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">AI/robotics outcomes are determined by real designs and implementations. </span></b></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><h3 style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">This cross-cutting problem is shown by the following examples: </span></h3><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p></p><ul style="text-align: left;"><li><b><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">Depending on their application and the attention given to this problem, Big Data-based algorithms that draw patterns from previous occurrences may perpetuate prejudice in corporate practice</span></b></li></ul><ul style="text-align: left;"><ul><li><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">or can identify such discrimination and offer a foundation for remedial policy measures. </span></li></ul></ul><div><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></div><ul style="text-align: left;"><li><b><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">New financial systems, for example, may be designed to include or exclude. </span></b></li></ul><div><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></div><ul style="text-align: left;"><li><b><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">In many low-income areas, AI/robotics-assisted teaching tools provide possibilities, but the usefulness of these resources is highly dependent on both the teaching material and the skills of the instructors. </span></b></li></ul><ul style="text-align: left;"><ul><li><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">Because so many impoverished people live on tiny farms, especially in Africa and South and East Asia, it's crucial that they have access to useful digital technology and AI. </span></li></ul></ul><div><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></div><ul style="text-align: left;"><li><b><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">Land ownership certification using blockchain technology, precision technologies in land and crop management, and many more are just a few examples. </span></b></li></ul><ul style="text-align: left;"><ul><li><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">More attention should be paid to the direct and indirect environmental effects of AI/robotics. </span></li></ul></ul><ul style="text-align: left;"><ul><li><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">Monitoring changes in biodiversity and the effects of actions in land and aquatic systems may be greatly improved using smart remote sensing. </span></li></ul></ul><p></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><h3 style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">The problem of contamination caused by electronic trash dumped in low-income countries by wealthy nations. </span></h3><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p></p><ul style="text-align: left;"><li><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">This problem, as well as the carbon impact of AI/robotics, need consideration. </span></li></ul><ul style="text-align: left;"><li><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">For those living in poverty and marginalization, the effects of robots and AI on such fundamental shifts in economies and employment will not be benign. </span></li></ul><ul style="text-align: left;"><li><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">Extreme poverty is on the decrease across the globe, and robots and artificial intelligence (AI) have the ability to speed up or slow down the process. </span></li></ul><ul style="text-align: left;"><li><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">There is a scarcity of data on how AI/robotics may impact the impoverished. </span></li></ul><p></p><p><br /></p><p><b><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">A framework can show the effect of AI/robotics on poverty and marginalization, as well as on health, education, public services, work, and farming, as well as on the poor's voice and empowerment. </span></b></p><p><b><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></b></p><p></p><ul style="text-align: left;"><li><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">Such a framework highlights AI/robotics entry points and is supplemented with a more comprehensive examination of the routes via which developments in these areas may connect favorably or adversely to impoverished people's lives. </span></li></ul><ul style="text-align: left;"><li><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">They come to the conclusion that the context of nations and societies has a significant influence in deciding the implications of AI/robotics for the various demographic groups at danger of poverty. </span></li></ul><div><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></div><div><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></div><p></p><p><b><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">Without a strong emphasis on people's traits and endowments, AI/robotics breakthroughs may not only circumvent them, but also negatively affect them directly or indirectly via relevant markets and services in their communities. </span></b></p><p><b><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></b></p><p></p><ul style="text-align: left;"><li><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">To better understand the components of AI/robotics breakthroughs and determine how they may best assist the lives of poor families and communities, empirical scenario creation and modeling is required. </span></li></ul><ul style="text-align: left;"><li><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">The results of AI and robots are heavily influenced by legislation. </span></li></ul><ul style="text-align: left;"><li><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">New government programs that fund care and innovation are potential answers.</span></li></ul><p></p><p><br /></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><h2 style="text-align: left;"><span style="color: #2b00fe; font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;"><u>What Is AI's Impact On Agriculture and food?</u></span></h2><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><b><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">The impact of AI/robotics on food security and agriculture is closely linked to poverty. </span></b></p><p></p><p><b><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></b></p><p></p><ul style="text-align: left;"><li><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">The world's poor labor mostly in agriculture, and owing to their low income, they spend a significant portion of their earnings on food. </span></li></ul><ul style="text-align: left;"><li><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">AI/robotics in food systems - While being under climatic stress, agricultural output must still grow while avoiding negative effects on ecosystems, such as the present loss in biodiversity. </span></li></ul><div><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></div><p></p><h3 style="text-align: left;"><b><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">The topic of autonomous robots for agricultural activities is an intriguing one. </span></b></h3><p><b><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></b></p><p></p><ul style="text-align: left;"><li><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">Robotics is becoming more scale-independent, which may help small farmers via wage and pricing impacts. </span></li></ul><ul style="text-align: left;"><li><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;"> In all aspects of the food value chain, where automation is driven by labor costs as well as expectations for cleanliness and food safety in processing, AI and robots are becoming more important. </span></li></ul><p></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><h3 style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">The advantages of modern technology for small-scale farmers. </span></h3><div><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></div><p></p><ul style="text-align: left;"><li><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">Remote locations, steep hills, and soft soil areas may all benefit from small-scale automation. </span></li></ul><ul style="text-align: left;"><li><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">Previously unproductive regions may become fruitful once again. </span></li></ul><ul style="text-align: left;"><li><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">Precision farming may be extended to low-income farmers, enabling them to embrace climate-friendly methods. </span></li></ul><ul style="text-align: left;"><li><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">Farmers may be both data producers and consumers, as they use their cellphones to connect to cloud technology, connect to risk management instruments, and monitor crop damage in real time. </span></li></ul><p></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><h3 style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">The economic environment may shift as a result of technological advancements. </span></h3><div><br /></div><p></p><ul style="text-align: left;"><li><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">Because of easier access to financing and leasing alternatives, purchasing new equipment may no longer entail going into debt. </span></li></ul><ul style="text-align: left;"><li><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">Smallholders would benefit more from the decreased size of efficient production. </span></li></ul><ul style="text-align: left;"><li><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">Farmers and their families may diversify their income by using robots in the field, since the demand for family labor for low-productivity jobs is decreased, and time can be devoted to other profit-generating activities. </span></li></ul><ul style="text-align: left;"><li><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">Furthermore, robots can operate, allowing for greater accuracy in harvesting, particularly for high-value commodities such as grapes or strawberries.</span></li></ul><p></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><br /></p><h2 style="text-align: left;"><span style="color: #2b00fe; font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;"><u>What AI's Impact On Education?</u></span></h2><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><b><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">Aside from health and caregiving, where AI/robotics have had a significant effect, the impact of AI/robotics on education and finance is expected to grow in the future. </span></b></p><p><b><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">Robotics is already having an effect on education, whether it's in the classroom or via distance-learning systems, whether it's for children or for adult training and retraining. </span></b></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p></p><ul style="text-align: left;"><li><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">With the inclusion of artificial intelligence, robots has the potential to broaden the reach of education in fascinating new ways. </span></li></ul><ul style="text-align: left;"><li><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">Simultaneously, there are worries about new dependencies and unknown mental consequences of these technology. </span></li></ul><p></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><b><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">Child education is a unique instance since it involves both emotions and information exchanged between children and adults. </span></b></p><p><b><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></b></p><p></p><ul style="text-align: left;"><li><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">AI/robotic resources may replace teachers and explores their ethical implications. </span></li></ul><ul style="text-align: left;"><li><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">In situations when instructors are few, he stresses the benefits of computer-assisted teaching. </span></li></ul><ul style="text-align: left;"><li><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">Although the technological potential of integrating artificial intelligence with education are vast, the expenses must also be considered. </span></li></ul><ul style="text-align: left;"><li><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">Because children are very sensitive human beings, the ethical issues posed by these advances must be addressed. </span></li></ul><ul style="text-align: left;"><li><b><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">Because the need to improve education globally is so great, any acceptable solution that takes use of these technology advancements may be beneficial, particularly in the field of computer-aided education.</span></b></li></ul><p></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><br /></p><h2 style="text-align: left;"><span style="color: #2b00fe; font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;"><u>What Is AI's Impact On Finance, Insurance, And Other Services?</u></span></h2><p><br /></p><h3 style="text-align: left;"><b><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">In key service areas such as banking and insurance, as well as real estate, several promising but also concerning tendencies of AI-based algorithms based on Big Data are rapidly developing. </span></b></h3><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">Machines are increasingly assessing and judging people in various areas. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><b><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">Financial technology Fintech environment, which includes everything from workplace automation to new ways of storing and moving wealth, as well as credit giving are poised for rapid change. </span></b></p><p></p><ul style="text-align: left;"><li><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">For example, new services are developing, such as insurance offered by the hour, and AI systems are rapidly replacing dealers as stock market investors. </span></li></ul><div><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></div><p></p><p><b><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">Other than industrial robots, AI advances are likely already altering and decreasing employment in previous high-skill/high-income sectors, but not in regular manufacturing activities. </span></b></p><p></p><ul style="text-align: left;"><li><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">The integration of data sources from social media with algorithms to evaluate credit risk is a foundation for certain Fintech activities by traditional financial institutions and start-ups. </span></li></ul><div><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></div><div><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></div><p></p><h3 style="text-align: left;"><b><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">Another aspect is the use of distributed ledger technology by financial organizations. </span></b></h3><p><b><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></b></p><p><b><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">The Fintech environment is divided into two realms : </span></b></p><p></p><ol style="text-align: left;"><li><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">"incrementalist Fintech" </span></li><li><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">and "futurist Fintech." </span></li></ol><p></p><p><br /></p><h3 style="text-align: left;"><b><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">Fintech that is incremental utilizes new data, algorithms, and software to accomplish activities that are already performed by established financial institutions. </span></b></h3><p><b><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></b></p><p></p><ul style="text-align: left;"><li><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">The fundamental nature of underwriting, payment processing, and lending in the financial industry is unaffected by emerging AI/robotics. </span></li></ul><ul style="text-align: left;"><li><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">These institutions are nonetheless regulated by regulators, and their adherence to regulations ensures that long-standing norms of financial regulation are upheld. </span></li></ul><div><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></div><p></p><p><b><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">Fintech, on the other hand, promises to disrupt financial markets in ways that transcend or even eliminate regulation. </span></b></p><p></p><ul style="text-align: left;"><li><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">If blockchain-based transaction records are really "immutable," legislative measures to enhance security and prohibit record change may be unnecessary. </span></li></ul><p></p><p><b><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></b></p><p><b><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">We can foresee significant problems with futurist Fintech, which relies on extensive monitoring to get access to services. </span></b></p><p></p><ul style="text-align: left;"><li><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">When people fight for advantage in financial markets in ways that damage their financial health, dignity, and political power, these may become predatory, creepy, and unpleasant for a variety of reasons, including that they subjugate inclusion. </span></li></ul><ul style="text-align: left;"><li><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">For reasons such as discriminating against women for lower-paying professions, discriminating against the elderly, and driving customers into purchasing goods via sophisticated social psychology and personalized advertising based on "Phishing," algorithmic responsibility has become a major issue. </span></li></ul><div><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></div><div><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></div><p></p><h3 style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">Obligation networks are very difficult to dissolve, even for governments. </span></h3><div><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></div><p></p><ul style="text-align: left;"><li><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">Capital has entangled itself in worldwide legal structures that conceal wealth and income from regulators and tax officials. </span></li></ul><ul style="text-align: left;"><li><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">Cryptocurrency may be used to evade legal claims and benefit the wealthy. </span></li></ul><ul style="text-align: left;"><li><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">The potential for cryptocurrencies to destabilize financial regulation and monetary policy is promising. </span></li></ul><ul style="text-align: left;"><li><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">Both incrementalist and futurist Fintech, reveal the hidden costs of digital attempts to bypass or co-opt governmental monetary authority. </span></li></ul><p></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><h3 style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">The future paths of certain AI/robotics breakthroughs seem to be fairly apparent already. </span></h3><div><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></div><p></p><ul style="text-align: left;"><li><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">Robotics, for example, is rapidly increasing in space research and satellite systems that observe the globe, in surgery and other kinds of medical technology, and in monitoring Anthropocene change processes, such as crop growth at tiny scales. </span></li></ul><ul style="text-align: left;"><li><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">Robotic hand-arm systems, which face difficulties of accuracy, sensitivity, and robustness, as well as safe gripping requirements, are paradigmatic for many application scenarios, not only in industry but also in care and health. </span></li></ul><div><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></div><div><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></div><p></p><p><b><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">Telemanipulation systems are showing promise in a number of fields, including healthcare, industrial output, and mobility. </span></b></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p></p><ul style="text-align: left;"><li><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">In order to design optimum innovation paths, good IP standards and/or open-source innovation platforms should be investigated thoroughly in each of these domains. </span></li></ul><ul style="text-align: left;"><li><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">This is a potential field of study in economics, technology, law, and politics.</span></li></ul><p></p><p><br /></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;"><b>~ Jai Krishna Ponnappan</b></span></p><p><br /></p><script>mbtTOC();</script>Jai Krishna Ponnappanhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/02699917895019277960noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8147142244376207529.post-63635830217314536472021-07-17T03:45:00.004-07:002021-07-17T07:50:44.961-07:00 AI And Robotics - Fundamental Issues And Perspectives<p></p><blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px;"><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg99JTjeq252HvxoQ_A3yX7i1mvWE-cGTbbR-yJgv3hqYjmWMjQq3MkPxgFPI1BkUbrLmWRX4JIBlmZDweR1-VLwCs45graN6zxXH75DcTwwdW3tVHeu9vckp0u-xZFekRc5j5w3ZU0WCE7/s453/AI-Robotics-Creative-Technocrat-1.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;"><img border="0" data-original-height="340" data-original-width="453" height="480" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg99JTjeq252HvxoQ_A3yX7i1mvWE-cGTbbR-yJgv3hqYjmWMjQq3MkPxgFPI1BkUbrLmWRX4JIBlmZDweR1-VLwCs45graN6zxXH75DcTwwdW3tVHeu9vckp0u-xZFekRc5j5w3ZU0WCE7/w640-h480/AI-Robotics-Creative-Technocrat-1.jpg" width="640" /></span></a></div><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;"><br /></span><p style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p></blockquote><p></p><div class="mbtTOC">
<span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;"><button onclick="mbtToggle()">Table Of Contents</button>
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</div><h2 style="text-align: left;"><span style="color: #2b00fe; font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;"><u>An Overview</u></span></h2><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">On the one hand, the area of AI has produced a diverse range of theoretical methods and frameworks, and on the other, more remarkable practical applications. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><h3 style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">Artificial intelligence (AI) has the potential to improve science and society in every field. </span></h3><div><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></div><p></p><ul style="text-align: left;"><li><b><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">It has the potential to assist us in overcoming some of our cognitive limits and solving difficult issues. </span></b></li></ul><ul style="text-align: left;"><li><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;"><b>Combinations of AI/robotics and brain–computer interfaces in health care</b>, for example, are already providing unique assistance to patients with sensory or motor impairments and facilitating caretaking of patients with disabilities. </span></li></ul><ul style="text-align: left;"><li><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">AI may bring about significant changes in education and ease access to information by offering <i>new instruments for knowledge acquisition</i>. </span></li></ul><ul style="text-align: left;"><li><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">There may also be synergies resulting from robot-to-robot contact, as well as <b>synergies resulting from people and robots working together on tasks. </b></span></li></ul><div><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></div><ul style="text-align: left;"><li><b><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">While massive quantities of data pose a barrier to human cognitive skills, Big Data offers science and the humanities new possibilities. </span></b></li></ul><ul style="text-align: left;"><ul><li><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">Big Data has significant translational potential in fields such as medicine, public health, education, and the management of complex systems in the biosphere, geosphere, and economy. </span></li></ul></ul><ul style="text-align: left;"><ul><li><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">However, Big Data research is empiricist in nature, and it pushes us to uncover the underlying causal processes that generate patterns. </span></li></ul></ul><div><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></div><ul style="text-align: left;"><li><b><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">Furthermore, whether the focus on AI's suprahuman capabilities for computing and compilation obscures the many limits of existing artificial systems remains an issue. </span></b></li></ul><ul style="text-align: left;"><li><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">Furthermore, there are unsolved data ownership problems that must be addressed via transparent institutional structures. </span></li></ul><div><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></div><div><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></div><p></p><h2 style="text-align: left;"><b><span style="color: #2b00fe; font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;"><u>Basic Ideas Of AI/Robotics And Cognition Are Treated – From Many And Often Opposing Viewpoints. </u></span></b></h2><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><b><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></b></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;"><b>The issue "may robots be conscious?" is then addressed from the viewpoint of cognitive neuroscience of consciousness, and </b><b>from a philosophical perspective. </b></span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p></p><ul style="text-align: left;"><li><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">The topic of whether <b>robots might theoretically achieve characteristics such as consciousness</b> is one of the fundamental problems in AI/robotics. </span></li></ul><ul style="text-align: left;"><li><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">This is presently being discussed from the viewpoints of natural science, social theory, and philosophy; as a result, it remains an unsolved problem, owing to the many <b>different meanings of "consciousness." </b></span></li></ul><p></p><p><b><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></b></p><p><b><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></b></p><p><b><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">It should come as no surprise that we can not take a unified position on the fundamental problem of robot consciousness or on a robotic form of personhood. </span></b></p><p><b><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">Rather, the goal is to bring the various viewpoints together. </span></b></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p></p><ul style="text-align: left;"><li><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;"><b>Robots cannot be considered people</b>, according to the majority of participants, thus they will not and should not be free agents or have rights. </span></li></ul><ul style="text-align: left;"><li><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">Some believe that <b>"command and control" concepts are inappropriate for human–robotic interactions</b>, while others wonder whether "electronic citizenship" should be addressed. </span></li></ul><p></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><h2 style="text-align: left;"><b><span style="color: #2b00fe; font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;"><u>According To Christian Philosophy And Theology, The Human Soul Is "Imago Dei."</u></span></b></h2><p><b><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></b></p><p><b><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></b></p><h3 style="text-align: left;"><b><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">This is the philosophical underpinning that human beings are free and capable of ethical consciousness. </span></b></h3><p><b><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></b></p><p></p><ul style="text-align: left;"><li><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;"><b>Human beings are spiritual creatures</b> whose essence transcends corporeality, notwithstanding their material roots. </span></li></ul><ul style="text-align: left;"><li><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;"><b>They are imperishable, “incorruptible,” or “immortal” in theological terminology</b>, and are called to a completeness in God that goes beyond what the material world can provide. </span></li></ul><ul style="text-align: left;"><li><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">As a result, <b>neither AI nor robots can be regarded people</b>, and therefore robots will not and should not have <b>human freedom; they lack a spiritual soul and cannot be called "images of God." </b></span></li></ul><ul style="text-align: left;"><li><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">They may, however, be <b>"images of human people,"</b> since they are produced by humans to serve as their tools for the betterment of humanity. </span></li></ul><p></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><h2 style="text-align: left;"><span style="color: #2b00fe; font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;"><u>AI/Robot– Human Interactions From Religious, Social Science, Legal, And Philosophical Viewpoints.</u></span></h2><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><h3 style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">AI Agents That Are Intelligent. </span></h3><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><b><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">AI's rapid advancement in recent years also explains its philosophical underpinnings. </span></b></p><p><b><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></b></p><p></p><ul style="text-align: left;"><li><b><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">The issue of induction, or the extraction of rules from instances, which raises the question of what models of the data generation process a learning agent should consider. </span></b></li></ul><ul style="text-align: left;"><li><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">It is essential to <b>investigate the idea of all potential models from a mathematical and computational point of view.</b></span></li></ul><ul style="text-align: left;"><li><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">By identifying the <b>sources of observed data, effective universal induction </b>may play a significant role in <b>causal learning</b>. </span></li></ul><div><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></div><p></p><h3 style="text-align: left;"><b><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">There is a line of study in machine learning research that attempts to establish fundamental reasons for the construction of cognitive agents. </span></b></h3><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p></p><ul style="text-align: left;"><li><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">Such explanations would allow the <b>formulation of theorems describing the capabilities and limits of intelligent entities. </b></span></li></ul><ul style="text-align: left;"><li><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">In order to accomplish objectives, <b>cognitive agents operate in an open, partly or fully unknown environment. </b></span></li></ul><ul style="text-align: left;"><li><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;"><b>Agents, environments, incentives, local scores, global scores, the precise model of interaction between agents and environments,</b> and a definition of the available computing resources of agents and environments are all key elements for a fundamental framework for AI. </span></li></ul><div><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></div><p></p><p><b><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">An intelligent agent, is one that can accomplish objectives in a variety of situations. </span></b></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p></p><ul style="text-align: left;"><li><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">The representation and<b> processing of ambiguous information </b>is a crucial component of learning through experience. </span></li></ul><ul style="text-align: left;"><li><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">There is no <b>nontrivial logical inference that can be derived from the past for any future occurrence in the absence of deterministic assumptions</b> about the universe. </span></li></ul><ul style="text-align: left;"><li><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">As a result, it's worth looking at the <b>structure of uncertainty as a separate issue.</b> </span></li></ul><div><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></div><div><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></div><p></p><p><b><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">Some recent findings show a strong link between learnability and provability, reducing the issue of what can be learnt successfully to mathematical fundamental concerns about set existence axioms. </span></b></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p></p><ul style="text-align: left;"><li><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">To demonstrate the consequences of machine learning frameworks, we use findings from <b>"reverse mathematics," a branch of mathematical logic that analyzes theorems with reference to the set of existence axioms</b> required to prove them. </span></li></ul><ul style="text-align: left;"><li><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">We emphasize that <b>artificial intelligence has progressed to the point that ethical problems and the effect on society have become urgent concerns</b>, and they emphasize the need of algorithmic openness, accountability, and unbiasedness. </span></li></ul><ul style="text-align: left;"><li><b><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">Basic mathematical research has few, if any, ethical concerns until recently. </span></b></li></ul><ul style="text-align: left;"><li><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">Given<b> the importance of mathematicians and software designers in AI research</b>, it is critical that they think about the ethical implications of their work. </span></li></ul><div><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></div><p></p><p><b><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">In view of the growing concerns about the reliability of autonomous systems, AI developers have a responsibility—one that should ideally become a legal obligation—to build trustworthy and controlled robot systems.</span></b></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><h2 style="text-align: left;"><span style="color: #2b00fe; font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;"><u>AI And Consciousness.</u></span></h2><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><b><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">We can compare robots to brains, pointing out that both animals and robots need an internal model of the limited world in which they operate, as well as the ability to adapt their actions to the circumstances of that environment in order to complete their jobs. </span></b></p><p><b><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></b></p><p></p><ul style="text-align: left;"><li><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">As a result, although they may seem to face comparable problems, this emphasizes that the computational methods used to address these challenges vary between natural and artificial systems. </span></li></ul><ul style="text-align: left;"><li><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">It is premature to debate whether artificial systems can learn to perform tasks that humans would consider deliberate and aware, or if artificial beings can be called moral actors who bear responsibility for their acts. a singer. </span></li></ul><ul style="text-align: left;"><li><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">The debate over whether computers can ever be aware must be founded on understanding how consciousness develops in the human brain. </span></li></ul><p></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><h3 style="text-align: left;"><b><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">We can propose that the term "consciousness" refers to two distinct types of information-processing computations in the brain: </span></b></h3><p><b><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></b></p><p></p><ol style="text-align: left;"><li><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">first, information selection for global broadcasting consciousness in the first sense, </span></li><li><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">and second, self-monitoring of those computations, leading to a subjective sense of certainty or error consciousness in the second sense. </span></li></ol><p></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><h3 style="text-align: left;"><b><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">Existing AI/robotics mainly execute calculations that are comparable to what the human brain does subconsciously. </span></b></h3><p><b><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></b></p><p></p><ul style="text-align: left;"><li><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">They argue, however, that a machine having consciousness in the first and second senses, as described above, would act as if it were aware. </span></li></ul><ul style="text-align: left;"><li><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;"><b>Although centuries of philosophical dualism have led us to consider consciousness as unreducible to physical interactions, the empirical evidence is compatible with the possibility that consciousness arises from nothing more than specific computations</b>, <b>they acknowledge that such a functional definition of consciousness may leave some unsatisfied.</b> </span></li></ul><ul style="text-align: left;"><li><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">It's possible that the various conceptions and definitions of consciousness are what make these view points distinct.</span></li></ul><p></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">The long-term predictions for machines' causal learning capacities and cognition, as well as differently based viewpoint, seem to be consistent with the awareness definitions. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><b><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">On the other hand “could a robot be conscious?” </span></b></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">We may respond with a resounding “no,” taking teachings selectively from philosophy. </span></p><p><b><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">The human being is the only place where ethical discovery may take place. </span></b></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><b><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">“Questions about what we should do as morally equipped beings susceptible to normative guidance are mainly based on our synchronically and diachronically changing responses to the issue of "who we are." </span></b></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">Robots are not and cannot be aware, <b>“if consciousness is what I believe it to be: a systemic component of the animal-environment relationship.”</b> </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;"><b>~ Jai Krishna Ponnappan </b></span></p><p><br /></p><script>mbtTOC();</script>Jai Krishna Ponnappanhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/02699917895019277960noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8147142244376207529.post-25412784989711078152021-06-10T01:37:00.004-07:002021-06-10T01:37:41.106-07:00Artificial Intelligence's Levels Of Influence <div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></div><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;"><br /></span><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgiSELNGTbvFnHn1HqnScpEp1jGc9gkjRpSLU23MJo7HwdXY6QXs2PIVTnUl6XZW668MtfqYdzbGTSxkL6YysOLr4fsywEiil2PD0rhSStjBNM5UgH0C9ImLKRRG3dMVHl_4ODEMykFSw4E/s541/ai-finance-algo.jpeg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;"><img border="0" data-original-height="362" data-original-width="541" height="268" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgiSELNGTbvFnHn1HqnScpEp1jGc9gkjRpSLU23MJo7HwdXY6QXs2PIVTnUl6XZW668MtfqYdzbGTSxkL6YysOLr4fsywEiil2PD0rhSStjBNM5UgH0C9ImLKRRG3dMVHl_4ODEMykFSw4E/w400-h268/ai-finance-algo.jpeg" width="400" /></span></a></div><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;"><br /></span><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><p><b><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">Given the pervasiveness of digitalization in many elements of society, it would be too restrictive to confine discussions of the role of law and regulatory choices to certain elements, such as the direct handling of AI. AI is just one of the numerous aspects of using intelligent IT systems. </span></b></p><p><b><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></b></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">Its importance varies depending on the kind of processing and its influence on actions. As a result, each sector of the legal system has unique issues that need not only broad norms but, in many cases, region-specific solutions. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><b><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">The legal approach of AI must overcome the widely held belief that AI is largely used for spying. </span></b></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">The same can be said for data protection law, which has long been concerned with the regulation of digital transactions. It has made the treatment of personal data and, in particular, the preservation of privacy, a top priority. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><b><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">To be sure, data privacy is still important when it comes to AI, especially when it comes to processing personal information. </span></b></p><p><b><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></b></p><p></p><ul style="text-align: left;"><li><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">Other types of data, such as information that has been anonymized and data that has no past or present human link, such as machine-generated data in the field of Industry, are also used. </span></li><li><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">In addition to data protection law, many other legal areas, such as telecommunications law, competition law, intellectual property law, and liability law, particularly product liability law, may be relevant in dealing with AI and the various ways in which it can be used. </span></li></ul><p></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><b><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">Medical law, financial markets law, and road traffic law are all examples of key law particular to the appropriate field of application. </span></b></p><p><b><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></b></p><p></p><ul style="text-align: left;"><li><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">The consequences connected with capacities to use sophisticated IT systems in numerous areas of society are particularly significant for the realization of individual and societal goals. </span></li><li><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">As a result, a wide examination of the dangers and opportunities linked with AI and its applications is required. During this process, the focus should not be limited to services delivered directly through AI-enabled digital technologies (i.e. the output). </span></li></ul><p></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><b><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">The influence of using a complicated IT system on persons to whom choices are directed or on affected third parties is also essential (i.e. impact as micro-effects). </span></b></p><p><b><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></b></p><p></p><ul style="text-align: left;"><li><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">Furthermore, it may be necessary to evaluate the broader, longer-term influence on important parts of society or society as a whole, as well as the extent to which such influence is significant for legislation and regulation (i.e. outcome as macroeffects). </span></li><li><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">This is demonstrated by the fact that a lot of new digitally based services have an influence not only on the people who use them, but also on third parties and the sustainability of social sub-systems. </span></li><li><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">For example, digitization and AI can have a significant impact on people's lives, experiences, cultural orientations, attentions, and civic ideals, with implications for private life, education, public opinion formation, and political decision-making processes. </span></li><li><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">Furthermore, particular (remote) impacts can be seen in a variety of societal sub-areas. Robotics, for example, which is utilized to boost efficiency and reduce costs in manufacturing processes, has the potential to drastically disrupt the labor market, including working conditions. </span></li></ul><p></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><b><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">The increasing usage of Legal Technology in the sphere of legal services may be expected to have the similar effect. </span></b></p><p><b><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></b></p><p></p><ul style="text-align: left;"><li><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">New sales channels for items that may be purchased on platforms like Amazon modify marketplaces, such as retail marketplaces, and this may have an influence on the availability of companies and service providers in cities, as well as the type of social interaction. </span></li><li><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">The availability of long-term residential accommodation, as well as the hotel business, is impacted by the brokering of accommodations through Airbnb. </span></li><li><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">The algorithmic management of financial market deals might lead to unanticipated outcomes, such as prices crashing or surging, and so on. </span></li><li><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">When information technology systems with cutting-edge infrastructures and cutting-edge technologies, including highly developed AI, are used for broad-scale social engineering or to control economic and state order, as well as individual and social behavior, it has far-reaching implications for all three levels of effect mentioned (output, outcome, and impact). </span></li></ul><p></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><b><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">This is the direction in which Chinese trends are now moving. </span></b></p><p><b><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></b></p><p></p><ul style="text-align: left;"><li><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">Commercially oriented companies, primarily but not exclusively market-dominant IT firms like Alibaba Group (inter alia, various trading platforms and the widely used online payment system Alipay) and Tencent Holdings (inter alia, social networks, news services, and online games), are collaborating closely with state institutions and the Communist Party to collect and link data. </span></li><li><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">The goal is to improve market processes, align people's social behavior with specified values (such as honesty, reliability, integrity, cleanliness, law-abiding behavior, family duty, and so on), and assure state and societal stability. </span></li><li><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">China is now working on a comprehensive social scoring system/social credit system (currently being pilot tested, but soon to be applied in wide areas of China). </span></li><li><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">It would be short-sighted to examine the evolution of this system just through the lens of people surveillance and repression. It has a much broader set of goals. </span></li></ul><p></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><b><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">The purpose of this essay is not to investigate and analyze the Chinese social credit system, and it should not be. I mention it just to demonstrate the potential that may be realized as a result of new information technology options. This work is dedicated to examining the issues that law and regulation face in the current state of affairs globally.</span></b></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><br /></p>Jai Krishna Ponnappanhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/02699917895019277960noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8147142244376207529.post-68030813987414739312021-06-10T01:26:00.003-07:002021-06-10T01:27:09.625-07:00Artificial Intelligence's Fields of Application<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgqfBCrY1q2IXAUBe2UQMs0Cs5jQedX4g_9OYxm7IDHCdZa0pW-LYQ5uLxe_S0S1GaEmZbbgxGLixS-aS7q11pIrTM9Nq4vNodsXrFw9VY_KdBu254KDxX0ras3MhGHs13B_PLZQz411VcP/s541/ai-finance-sector.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;"><img border="0" data-original-height="360" data-original-width="541" height="266" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgqfBCrY1q2IXAUBe2UQMs0Cs5jQedX4g_9OYxm7IDHCdZa0pW-LYQ5uLxe_S0S1GaEmZbbgxGLixS-aS7q11pIrTM9Nq4vNodsXrFw9VY_KdBu254KDxX0ras3MhGHs13B_PLZQz411VcP/w400-h266/ai-finance-sector.jpg" width="400" /></span></a></div><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;"><br /></span><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">Artificial intelligence (AI), an interdisciplinary technology that aims to use large data sets (Big Data), appropriate computing power, and specific analytical and decision-making procedures to enable computers to accomplish tasks that approximate human abilities and even exceed them in some respects, is being used to help with the ongoing process of digital transformation. </span></p><p><b><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">Search engines, communication platforms, and robots, intelligent traffic-control systems, automated administrative or judicial decision-making, automated vehicle-assistance systems, medical diagnostics and therapy, smart homes, and cyberphysical production systems (Industry 4.0) are all examples of AI applications. </span></b></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">The rise of AI-enabled algorithm-based analytical and decision-making systems allows for new forms of monitoring and behavior control (see Rademacher), as well as new types of criminal activities. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;"><b>Machine learning techniques are presently dominating AI. </b></span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">The phrase refers to computer programs that may learn from previous behavior records. Identifying patterns, analyzing and categorizing photos, interpreting language in texts, and automatically making preliminary audio and video edits (e.g., ‘robot journalism') are all examples of how machine learning is employed. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;"><b>Even more complex AI applications, frequently referred to as 'Deep Learning,' are also feasible. </b></span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">This is about IT systems that, via the use of neural networks, may learn on their own how to improve digital programs generated by humans and so evolve independently of human programming. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;"><b>Both threats and possibilities are related with the increase of AI's capabilities and the jobs for which it may be deployed. The next sections will examine at the legal and regulatory issues that AI poses.</b></span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><br /></p>Jai Krishna Ponnappanhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/02699917895019277960noreply@blogger.com